Active Transport- the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration against a concentration gradient, requiring ATP and carrier proteins.
How is it different to normal diffusion?
-needs ATP (metabolic energy from mitochondria during respiration).
-molecules move against the concentration gradient.
-carrier proteins are needed to act as a 'pump'.
-only certain molecules are transported by the carrier proteins (due to its tertiary structure).
In what ways is ATP used?
-directly (to move molecules via active transport)
-indirectly (to move other molecules via active transport, creating a concentration gradient for another molecule).
Active transport process:
-the carrier proteins are situated on the cell surface membrane and only accept certain molecules.
-the molecules bind to the receptors in the carrier proteins channel.
-ATP (released during respiration) binds to the protein creating a phosphate molecule to bind and ADP left over. This causes the protein to change shape.
-the molecules are then released out the other end of the channel.
-during respiration, the phosphate molecule is then released from the protein to rebind with the ADP, making ATP.
-the protein returns to its original shape to start the process again.
Sodium Potassium Pumps are Anti Port Co transporters.
-some carrier proteins can transport ions in different directions through the carrier protein.
-this carrier protein transports potassium in and sodium out of the cell.
-this process is important for making nerve impulses.
-also, it creates a concentration gradient for glucose absorption (indirect active transport).
How is it different to normal diffusion?
-needs ATP (metabolic energy from mitochondria during respiration).
-molecules move against the concentration gradient.
-carrier proteins are needed to act as a 'pump'.
-only certain molecules are transported by the carrier proteins (due to its tertiary structure).
In what ways is ATP used?
-directly (to move molecules via active transport)
-indirectly (to move other molecules via active transport, creating a concentration gradient for another molecule).
Active transport process:
-the carrier proteins are situated on the cell surface membrane and only accept certain molecules.
-the molecules bind to the receptors in the carrier proteins channel.
-ATP (released during respiration) binds to the protein creating a phosphate molecule to bind and ADP left over. This causes the protein to change shape.
-the molecules are then released out the other end of the channel.
-during respiration, the phosphate molecule is then released from the protein to rebind with the ADP, making ATP.
-the protein returns to its original shape to start the process again.
Sodium Potassium Pumps are Anti Port Co transporters.
-some carrier proteins can transport ions in different directions through the carrier protein.
-this carrier protein transports potassium in and sodium out of the cell.
-this process is important for making nerve impulses.
-also, it creates a concentration gradient for glucose absorption (indirect active transport).